HTML 文件头标签 <head> <meta> <link>

Copy From: https://github.com/joshbuchea/HEAD

DOCTYPE

DOCTYPE(Document Type)，该声明位于文档中最前面的位置，处于 html 标签之前，此标签告知浏览器文档使用哪种 HTML 或者 XHTML 规范。
DTD(Document Type Definition) 声明以 <!DOCTYPE> 开始，不区分大小写;

HTML 4.01 strict

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">

HTML 4.01 Transitional

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

HTML 4.01 Frameset

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">

HTML5 推出更加简洁的书写，它向前向后兼容，推荐使用

<!DOCTYPE HTML>

Elements

<title>Page Title</title>
<base href="https://example.com/page.html">
<style>
  body { color: red; }
</style>
<script src="script.js"></script>

Meta Element

<meta charset="utf-8">      <!-- 声明文档使用的字符编码 -->
<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
    <!-- 优先使用 IE 最新版本和 Chrome,避免IE使用兼容模式 -->
<meta name="renderer" content="webkit">
    <!-- 360 浏览器渲染模式, 'webkit' 为极速内核，'ie-comp' 为 IE 兼容内核，'ie-stand' 为 IE 标准内核 -->
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <!--
     viewport详解: http://web.jobbole.com/85854/
     width viewport 宽度(数值/device-width)
     height viewport 高度(数值/device-height)
     initial-scale 初始缩放比例
     maximum-scale 最大缩放比例
     minimum-scale 最小缩放比例
     user-scalable 是否允许用户缩放(yes/no)
     minimal-ui iOS 7.1 beta 2 中新增属性，可以在页面加载时最小化上下状态栏（注意：iOS8 中已经删除）
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimal-ui">
     -->
<meta name="keywords" content="your,keywords,here,comma,separated,no,spaces">
<meta name="description" content="150 chars">
<meta name="subject" content="your website's subject">
<meta name="language" content="en">
<meta name="robots" content="index,follow">
    <!--
    设定搜索引擎爬取网页的规则：  none，noindex，nofollow，all，index和follow
    ALL - 容将被检索，且页面上的链接可以被追踪
    FOLLOW - 页面上的链接可以被追踪
    INDEX - 网页可以被索引
    NOARCHIVE - 告诉爬虫,不要为本网页建立快照
    NOINDEX - 链接可以被追踪，但含此标签的网页不能建立索引
    NOFOLLOW - 网页可以被追踪，但网页的链接不要去追终
    NONE - 搜索引擎可以忽略该网页
    -->
<meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow">
    <!--
    设置 Google 搜索隐藏的收入规则：
    noarchive - 告诉爬虫,不要为本网页建立快照
    nofollow - 网页可以被追踪，但网页的链接不要去追终
    noindex - 链接可以被追踪，但含此标签的网页不能建立索引
    nosnippet - 告诉Google不要在搜索结果页的列表里显示含此标签的网站的描述语句，并且不要在列表里显示快照链接。
    -->
<meta name="google" content="nositelinkssearchbox">
<meta name="google-site-verification" content="verification_token">
<meta name="revised" content="Sunday, July 18th, 2010, 5:15 pm">
<meta name="abstract" content="">
<meta name="topic" content="">
<meta name="summary" content="">
<meta name="classification" content="business">         <!-- 归类站点到正确类别 -->
<meta name="author" content="name, email@example.com">
<meta name="designer" content="">
<meta name="reply-to" content="email@example.com">
<meta name="owner" content="">
<meta name="url" content="https://example.com/">
<meta name="identifier-URL" content="https://example.com/">
<meta name="directory" content="submission">
<meta name="category" content="">
<meta name="coverage" content="Worldwide">
<meta name="distribution" content="Global">
<meta name="rating" content="General">
    <!--定义内容分级，如：
    14 years（14岁以上），general(普通人)，mature（成年人），restricted（限制级），safe for kids(孩童)。
    -->
<meta name="referrer" content="never">
<meta name="revisit-after" content="7 days">
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="300;url=https://example.com/">
    <!-- 定义文档在规定的时间内容刷新或跳转到新的 URL 上
    <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="300">  每300秒自动刷新
     -->
<!-- Cache Control -->
<meta http-equiv="Expires" content="0">
    <!-- 设置网页过期时间
    <meta name="expires" content="Fri, 10 Jun 2011 12:00:00 GMT">
    -->
<meta http-equiv="Pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp" >     <!-- 百度禁止转码 -->
<meta name="copyright" content="2011© W3Cschool.cc">        <!-- 定义文档的版权信息 -->

移动端meta

<!-- 设备宽度，不缩放 -->
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no" />
<!-- 删除苹果默认的工具栏和菜单栏 -->
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" />
<!-- 设置苹果工具栏颜色 -->
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black" />
<!-- 忽略页面中的数字识别为电话，忽略email识别 -->
<meta name="format-detection" content="telphone=no, email=no" />
<!-- 启用360浏览器的极速模式(webkit) -->
<meta name="renderer" content="webkit">
<!-- 避免IE使用兼容模式 -->
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<!-- 针对手持设备优化，主要是针对一些老的不识别viewport的浏览器，比如黑莓 -->
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true">
<!-- 微软的老式浏览器 -->
<meta name="MobileOptimized" content="320">
<!-- uc强制竖屏 -->
<meta name="screen-orientation" content="portrait">
<!-- QQ强制竖屏 -->
<meta name="x5-orientation" content="portrait">
<!-- UC强制全屏 -->
<meta name="full-screen" content="yes">
<!-- QQ强制全屏 -->
<meta name="x5-fullscreen" content="true">
<!-- UC应用模式 -->
<meta name="browsermode" content="application">
<!-- QQ应用模式 -->
<meta name="x5-page-mode" content="app">
<!-- windows phone 点击无高光 -->
<meta name="msapplication-tap-highlight" content="no">

Link Element

<link rel="copyright" href="copyright.html">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://example.com/styles.css">
<link rel="alternate" href="https://feeds.feedburner.com/martini" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS">     <!-- 添加 RSS 订阅 -->
<link rel="alternate" href="https://example.com/feed.atom" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom 0.3">
<link rel="alternate" href="https://es.example.com/" hreflang="es">
<link rel="me" href="https://google.com/profiles/thenextweb" type="text/html">
<link rel="archives" href="https://example.com/2003/05/" title="May 2003">
<link rel="index" href="https://example.com/" title="DeWitt Clinton">
<link rel="start" href="https://example.com/photos/pattern_recognition_1_about/" title="Pattern Recognition 1">
<link rel="prev" href="https://example.com/opensearch/opensearch-and-openid-a-sure-way-to-get-my-attention/" title="OpenSearch and OpenID? A sure way to get my attention.">
<link rel="search" href="/search.xml" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Viatropos">
<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://example.com/atomFeed.php?page=3">
<link rel="first" href="https://example.com/atomFeed.php">
<link rel="next" href="https://example.com/atomFeed.php?page=4">
<link rel="previous" href="https://example.com/atomFeed.php?page=2">
<link rel="last" href="https://example.com/atomFeed.php?page=147">
<link rel="shortlink" href="https://example.com/?p=43625">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://example.com/2010/06/9-things-to-do-before-entering-social-media.html">
<link rel="amphtml" href="https://www.example.com/url/to/amp-version.html">
<link rel="EditURI" href="https://example.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD">
<link rel="pingback" href="https://example.com/xmlrpc.php">
<link rel="webmention" href="https://example.com/webmention">
<link rel="manifest" href="manifest.json">
<link rel="author" href="humans.txt">
<!-- Prefetching, preloading, prebrowsing -->
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//example.com/">
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.example.com/">
<link rel="prefetch" href="https://www.example.com/">
<link rel="prerender" href="https://example.com/">
<link rel="subresource" href="styles.css">
<link rel="preload" href="image.png">
<!-- More info: https://css-tricks.com/prefetching-preloading-prebrowsing/ -->

Favicons

<!-- For IE 10 and below -->
<!-- No link, just place a file called favicon.ico in the root directory -->
<!-- For IE 11, Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Opera -->
<link rel="icon" href="path/to/favicon-16.png" sizes="16x16" type="image/png">
<link rel="icon" href="path/to/favicon-32.png" sizes="32x32" type="image/png">
<link rel="icon" href="path/to/favicon-48.png" sizes="48x48" type="image/png">
<link rel="icon" href="path/to/favicon-62.png" sizes="62x62" type="image/png">
<!-- More info: https://bitsofco.de/all-about-favicons-and-touch-icons/ -->

All About Favicons (And Touch Icons)

Facebook / Open Graph 开放图景协议

<meta property="fb:app_id" content="123456789">
<meta property="og:url" content="https://example.com/page.html">
<meta property="og:type" content="website">
<meta property="og:title" content="Content Title">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://example.com/image.jpg">
<meta property="og:description" content="Description Here">
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Site Name">
<meta property="og:locale" content="en_US">
<meta property="article:author" content="">
<!-- Facebook: https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters#markup -->
<!-- Open Graph: http://ogp.me/ -->

Facebook Open Graph Markup
Open Graph protocol

Twitter

<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@site_account">
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@individual_account">
<meta name="twitter:url" content="https://example.com/page.html">
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Content Title">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="Content description less than 200 characters">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://example.com/image.jpg">
<!-- More info: https://dev.twitter.com/cards/getting-started -->
<!-- Validate: https://dev.twitter.com/docs/cards/validation/validator -->

Twitter Cards: Getting Started Guide
Twitter Card Validator

Google+ / Schema.org

<meta itemprop="name" content="Content Title">
<meta itemprop="description" content="Content description less than 200 characters">
<meta itemprop="image" content="https://example.com/image.jpg">

Browser/Platform

Apple iOS

<!-- Smart App Banner 智能 App 广告条（iOS 6+ Safari） [文档](https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/SafariWebContent/PromotingAppswithAppBanners/PromotingAppswithAppBanners.html)-->
<meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=APP_ID,affiliate-data=AFFILIATE_ID,app-argument=SOME_TEXT">
<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no">   <!-- 禁止数字识自动别为电话号码 -->
<meta name="format-detection" content="address=no">     <!-- 禁止自动自动识别地址 -->
<meta name="format-detection" content="date=no">        <!-- 禁止自动自动识别日期 -->
<meta name="format-detection" content="email=no">       <!-- 禁止自动自动识别 Email -->
<!-- Add to Home Screen -->
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">        <!-- 是否启用 WebApp 全屏模式 -->
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black">
    <!-- 设置状态栏的背景颜色，只有在 `"apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"` 时生效
        default 默认值。
        black 状态栏背景是黑色。
        black-translucent 状态栏背景是黑色半透明。
    -->
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="App Title">    <!-- 添加到主屏后的标题（iOS 6 新增） -->
<!-- Touch Icons -->
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="apple-touch-icon.png">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png">
<!-- In most cases, one 180×180px touch icon in the head is enough -->
<!-- If you use art-direction and/or want to have different content for each device, you can add more touch icons -->
<!-- Startup Image 启动画面 -->
<link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" href="startup.png">
<!-- More info: https://developer.apple.com/safari/library/documentation/appleapplications/reference/safarihtmlref/articles/metatags.html -->

Apple Meta Tags
iOS 启动画面官方文档《App Icons on iPad and iPhone》

Apple Safari

<!-- Pinned Site -->
<link rel="mask-icon" href="icon.svg" color="red">

Google Android

<meta name="theme-color" content="#E64545">
<!-- Add to homescreen -->
<meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
<!-- More info: https://developer.chrome.com/multidevice/android/installtohomescreen -->

Google Chrome

<link rel="chrome-webstore-item" href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/APP_ID">
<!-- Disable translation prompt 禁止出现 Google翻译链接 -->
<meta name="google" value="notranslate">

Microsoft Internet Explorer

<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
<meta http-equiv="cleartype" content="on">
<meta name="skype_toolbar" content="skype_toolbar_parser_compatible">
<!-- Pinned Site -->
<!-- IE 10 / Windows 8 -->
<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="pinned-tile-144.png"> <!-- Windows 8 磁贴图标 -->
<meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#009900">             <!-- Windows 8 磁贴颜色 -->
<!-- IE 11 / Windows 9.1 -->
<meta name="msapplication-config" content="ieconfig.xml">

Microsoft Internet Explorer (LEGACY DO NOT USE)

<!-- Legacy Tags (DO NOT USE) -->
<meta name="mssmarttagspreventparsing" content="true">  <!-- 防止微软页面编辑软件在页面上自动添加标签、链接等 -->
<meta http-equiv="page-enter" content="revealtrans(duration=2,transition=2)">
<meta http-equiv="page-exit" content="revealtrans(duration=3,transition=12)">